[This content is prepared to boos the knowledge of Loksewa examinees]
A group of words collectively functioning as verb is
known as phrasal verb. Phrasal verb contains a verb and a particle. Particle
refers to either preposition or an adverb. It has following types:
Prepositional verb
Prepositional verb is the combination of a verb and a
preposition and they cannot be separated.
E.g. cope with, look after, depend on, look forward to,
associate … with, protect … from etc.
Prepositional verbs are always followed by an object
(noun).
How to deal with security issues?
Some prepositional verb take an object (noun) between
verb and preposition.
Can you remind me of last project that we had done
together?
Some preposition show both the natures.
Please turn
off the lights.
Please turn
the lights off.
Such verbs are also termed as separable phrasal verbs.
But if the noun is replaced by pronoun then pronoun must present between the
verb and the preposition. For this let's replace the 'lights' in above sentence
by 'them' and see what happens.
Please turn them off. (Correct syntax)
Adverbial verb
Adverbial verb is the combination of a verb and an
adverb. E.g. go out, put away etc.
Could you please go out for a while?
Phrasal-prepositional verb
It contains a verb, a particle and a preposition in which
particle and preposition come up together.
E.g. look up to, look forward to, catch up with, put …
down to, fix … up with etc.
Engineer fixed the wall up with cement.
Phrasal verbs can also be categorized based upon their
transitive / intransitive nature.
Transitive phrasal verb
Transitive verb takes an object. Let's see this example.
The water is coming out.
Here the sentence raises a question 'from where?' i.e. it
seeks an object.
The water is coming out from wall.
Hence the phrasal verb coming out is transitive
verb.
Nature of transitive phrasal verbs
1) In most of the transitive phrasal verbs, the object
comes either in between the verb and the particle, or after the particle.
Turn down the volume please.
Turn the volume down please.
Such type of phrasal verbs are also called 'separable
phrasal verbs'.
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Separable transitive verbs
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Meaning
|
Meaning in Nepali
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Bring up
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to mention, to raise, to uncover
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उल्लेख गर्नु, माथी उठाउनु, उजागर गर्नु
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Brush off
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to dismiss, to remove, to disregard
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मेट्नु, हटाउनु, बेवास्ता गर्नु
|
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Call off
|
to recall, to cancel
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पून: बोलाउनु, स्थगित गर्नु
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Call up
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to telephone, to order, to select
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फोन गर्नु, आदेश दिनु, छान्नु
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Clean up
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to clean, to gain huge profit
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सफा गर्नु, अत्याधिक मुनाफा आर्जन गर्नु
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Do over
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to repeat, to spread, to beat up
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पिट्नु
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Dry off
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to make dry
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सुक्खा बनाउनु
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Figure out
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to calculate, to understand
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आँकलन गर्नु, बुझ्नु
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Fill in / out
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to complete questionnaire,
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प्रश्नपत्र भर्नु
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Get up
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stand up, wake up, to move upward
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उभिनु, ब्युझिनु, माथीतर्फ उक्लिनु
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Give back
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to restore, to return, to recede
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फिर्ता लिनु
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Hand in
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to give something to a responsible person
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आधिकारिक व्यक्तिलाई केहि प्रदान गर्नु
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Hold up
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to delay, to support, to survive, to fulfill, to keep up
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ढिलाई गर्नु, आधार दिनु, धान्नु, भर्नु, जारी राख्नु
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Leave out
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to omit, to neglect
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महत्व नदिनु, बेवास्ता गर्नु
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Let out
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to release, to enlarge clothes, to emit, to disclose
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जान दिनु, कपडाहरुको आकार वृद्दि गर्नु, छोड्नु, पर्दाफास
गर्नु
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Look over
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to examine meticulously
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ध्यानपूर्वक छानविन गर्नु
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Look up
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to improve, to seek information, to search
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सुधार गार्नु, सूचना /जानकारी खोज्नु, खोजी गर्नु
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Make up
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to constitute, to fill in, to invent, to assemble, to apply makeup
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बनाउनु, भर्नु, आविष्कार गर्नु, जडान गर्नु, श्रीङ्गार
गर्नु
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Mark down
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to reduce the price of, to write, to subtract marks
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मूल्य घटाउनु, लेख्नु, अङ्क घटाउनु
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Mark up
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to increase the price of, to add coding or text
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मूल्य वृद्दि गर्नु, सङ्केत वा शब्द थप्नु
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Pick out
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to choose, to remove by picking, to distinguish, to detect
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छान्नु, टिपेर फाल्नु, छुट्याउनु, पत्ता लगाउनु
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Pick up
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to raise, to clean up, to collect, to speed up
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उठान गर्नु, सफा गर्नु, जम्मा गर्नु, गति बढाउनु
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Put away
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to clean up, to store, to consume, to prison, to discard, to dismiss
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सफा गर्नु, भण्डार गर्नु, ग्रहण गर्नु, कैद गर्नु, निषेध
गर्नु, मेटाउनु
|
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Put off
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to delay, to distract, to discourage
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ढिला गर्नु, ध्यान भङ्ग गर्नु, नैराश्य पैदा गर्नु
|
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Put together
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to consolidate, to build, to formulate
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जडान गर्नु, निर्माण गर्नु, शुत्रवद्ध गर्नु
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Ring up
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to telephone
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फोन गर्नु
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Take away
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to remove something, to diminish, to leave an impression, to prevent
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केहि हटाउनु, दबाउनु, छाप छोड्नु, प्रतिवन्धित गर्नु
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Take back
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to resume or regain, to return, to pull back
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पूर्वावस्थामा आउनु, फर्किनु, पछि खिच्नु
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Take off
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to remove, to
imitate, to ascend into the air, to flourish, to depart
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हटाउनु, नक्कल गर्नु,हावामा उड्नु, फूल्नु, छुट्टिनु
|
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Take over
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to adopt the
responsibility, to relieve, to take ownership, to invade
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उत्तरदायित्व वहन गर्नु, छुटकारा पाउनु, स्वामित्व लिनु,
अतिक्रमण गर्नु
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Tear up
|
to damage, to
tear
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विध्वंश गर्नु, च्यात्नु
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Think thorough
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to fully consider
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पूर्ण रुपमा मान्नु
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Throw away
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to discard, to waste
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बेवास्ता गर्नु, खेर फाल्नु
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Try on
|
to test, to
attempt
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जाँच गर्नु, प्रयास गर्नु
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Turn down
|
to refuse, to
decline, to reduce the amount, to reposition downward
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बहिस्कार गर्नु, ओरालो लाग्नु, मात्रामा गिरावट आउनु, न्युन
स्थानमा झर्नु
|
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Turn in
|
to give, to give
up, to go to sleep
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दिनु, त्याग्नु, सुत्न जानु
|
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Turn off
|
to repulse, to
power down, to exit
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विकर्षण गर्नु, उपकरण बन्द गर्नु, निस्कनु
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Turn on
|
to power up, to
pivot around, to operate, to attack suddenly
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विद्युतीय यन्त्र खोल्नु, केन्द्रविन्दु वरिपरी घुम्नु,
एक्कासी आक्रमण गर्नु
|
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Turn over
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to revert, to
give back, to transfer, to ponder
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उल्टिनु, फिर्ता दिनु, स्थानान्तरण गर्नु, दोधारमा पर्नु
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Use up
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to consume, to
exhaust, to occupy
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ग्रहण गर्नु, डकार्नु, ओगट्नु
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2) In some transitive phrasal verbs the object always lies in between the
verb and the particle.
3) In some transitive phrasal verbs the object always follows the particle.
4) Some transitive phrasal verbs contain three words. Among them two are
objects. One object follows the verb and the other object follows the particle.
Intransitive phrasal verb
Intransitive phrasal verb doesn't take the object. Let's look at this
example:
Ram didn't show up in the class yesterday.
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Intransitive
phrasal verbs
|
Meaning
|
Nepali meaning
|
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Blow up
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to explode, to inflate,
to become angry suddenly, to be popular rapidly
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विस्पोट हुनु, आकार बढ्नु, एक्कासी रिसाउनु, शिघ्र प्रख्यात हुनु
|
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Break down
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to cease to
function, to collapse, to be weak, do decay, to digest, to divide
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काम गर्न छोड्नु, भत्किनु, कमजोर हुनु, नाश हुनु, पचाउनु, बाँडिनु
|
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Burn down
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to inflame
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जलाउनु
|
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Catch up
|
to entangle, to
get news, to finally reach
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रुमल्लिनु, खबर प्राप्त गर्नु, अन्ततः गन्तव्यमा पुग्नु
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Come back
|
to return to
former state, to retort
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पूर्ववत् स्थितिमा फर्किनु, ट्याक-ट्याक जवाफ दिनु
|
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Come over
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to affect, to
change position or location
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प्रभावित गर्नु, स्थान परिवर्तन गर्नु
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Drop by
|
to visit
unexpectedly
|
अनपेक्षित रुपमा भेट्नु
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Eat out
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to eat in
restaurant or public place
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भोजनालय वा सार्वजनिक स्थानमा खानु
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Fall down
|
to come out by
falling, to pass out, to happen, to cease
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खसेर आउनु, ..., घटना घट्नु, समाप्त हुनु
|
|
Get up
|
to ascend, to
stand up, to gather, to criticize
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उकालो लाग्नु, उभिनु, जम्मा गर्नु, आलोचना गर्नु
|
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Give up
|
to surrender, to
quit / relinquish,, to lose hope, to abandon
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आत्मसमर्पण गर्नु, त्याग्नु, आशा गुमाउनु, प्रतिबन्धित गर्नु
|
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Go down
|
to descend, to
decrease, to fall, to stop functioning, to do oral sex
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ओरालो लाग्नु, घट्नु, खस्नु, काम गर्न छोड्नु, मुखमैथुन गर्नु
|
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Go off
|
to explode, to
fire accidently, to leave, to become unusable
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विस्फोट हुनु, दुर्घटनावश हटाउनु, छोड्नु, अस्थिर बन्नु
|
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Grow up
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to develop, to
stop being childish
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विकसित हुनु, केटाकेटीपन छोड्नु
|
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Hold on
|
to grasp, to
store, to wait, to persist
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समाउनु, भण्डार गर्नु, पर्खिनु, जारी रहनु
|
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Look out
|
to hunt out, to
be vigilant
|
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Make out
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to send out, to
manage, to make something appear, to kiss passionately
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बाहिर पठाउनु, व्यबस्थापन गर्नु, देखिने बनाउनु, आक्रामक रुपमा चुम्वन गर्नु
|
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Move out
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to leave, to
vacate
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छोड्नु, खाली गर्नु
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Pass out
|
to faint, to hand
over, to graduate, to end
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मुर्छा पर्नु, हस्तान्तरण गर्नु, दीक्षित हुनु, सकिनु
|
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Show up
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to appear, to
outperform, to expose
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देखा पर्नु, रवाफ देखाउनु, प्रदर्शन गर्नु
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Start out
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to begin
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सुरुवात गर्नु
|
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Take off
|
to remove, to
leave the ground, to become successful, to depart
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हटाउनु, भूमी छोड्नु, सफल हुनु, गन्तव्यतर्फ लाग्नु
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Talk back
|
to reply rudely,
to answer back
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रुखो जवाफ फर्काउनु, प्रतिउत्तर दिनु
|
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Turn up
|
to show up, to
increase in amount, to reposition upward
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देखिनु, मात्रामा वृद्दि हुनु, माथिल्लो स्थानमा पुनर्स्थापित हुनु
|
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Wake up
|
to awake, to
become aware
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ब्युझिनु, जागरुक हुनु
|
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Work out
|
to make sense of,
to calculate, to succeed, to train
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कुराको अर्थ निकाल्नु, लेखाजोखा गर्नु, सफल हुनु, तालिम दिनु
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